One of the most impressive and dangerous Denial of Service tools is named, jokingly, as Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC). The tool has gained public notice after being repeatedly used in successful attacks against high value web servers such as those belonging to the Church of Scientology during Project Chanology, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), groups opposing MegaUpload and WikiLeaks as the mega-group’s enemies.
While I won’t get into the ideological arguments expressed by either Anonymous or their opposition, I’d like to take a moment to explain LOIC and provide some interesting links to sites containing more information.
As I always state: I’m merely an individual interested in security for the sake of learning, if you have a vested interest in any of the ideologies either for or against the attacks check the links below for protections or ways to get more involved in the LOIC project.
Background
LOIC, originally written in C# by Praetox Technologies, has been since coded into an independent JavaScript program known as JS LOIC (hosted by HiveMind, linked below). As such there’s even a web version of the DoS tool!
When the project was first released I managed a DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack against my own test box using a 5 PC networked LOIC attack triggered using UltraVNC (akin to a botnet), it worked extremely well. The method could even be used to trigger remotely using an iPad or any device running the appropriate RAS software. If a given server or network is susceptible to LOIC attacks, a DDoS against that server or network can be extremely potent.
Details and Protection
LOIC works by flooding a specified target server with TCP or UDP packets. The attack relies on the principles inherent to most forms of DoS attacks. As such it’s surprisingly easy to protect against. Many servers should have been well-protected against DoS attacks to begin but, as we know from real world IT, what’s best isn’t always what’s done.
Firewall rule-sets can be enacted which filter out the over abundance of packets coming from any one IP address long before something like this becomes a problem. To my knowledge ISPs on a larger scale can protect against DoS traffic by filtering out the appropriate UDP and ICMP packets before they reach their intended targets.
It should be common knowledge for server administrators to contact their ISPs to ensure measures are in place to protect them at that level. Then appropriate measures should be taken to draft appropriate network firewall rules.
But many of the attacks are difficult to trace…
The Nature of Anonymous Attacks
ARP Poisoning, as previously mentioned on fork(), can be used to make attacks appear to be launched from within your own network (or attacks against your network can be made by attackers who gain special accessing by spoofing their way into your network). Such attacks can be used to incite various man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks and/or DoS/DDoS attacks. For more examples see this blog’s article on session hijacking.
A good intrusion detection system monitoring ARP tables can alert the network administrator of changes or additions and thus possibly thwarting spoofed MITM attacks before they occur. The article by Busschers cited below discusses spoofed/reflected attacks and how they can be conducted.
Sources
My blog isn’t funded by any corporations or governments and as such I’m fully willing to give all sides to an argument. So, I’ve constructed a list of sources I used when writing this post as well as some sites that may interest those wanting to learn more:
If you’d like to contribute to the C# original LOIC project please check out the LOIC project page here: https://github.com/NewEraCracker/LOIC/
Additionally you can check the more frequently updated SourceForge page for JS LOIC designed by HiveMind: http://sourceforge.net/projects/loic/
The HiveMind web version is located here: https://code.google.com/p/lowc/
Server Fault (Stack Exchange) Topic in regards to preventing LOIC DDoS posed by a user in 2010: http://serverfault.com/questions/211135/how-to-prevent-a-loic-ddos-attack
“4 Best Practices for Mitigating DDoS Effects,” by ES Enterprise Systems, February 6, 2012. Article discusses DDoS damage mitigation here: http://esj.com/articles/2012/02/06/best-practices-mitigating-ddos.aspx
“Effectiveness of Defense Methods Against DDoS Attacks by Anonymous,” Busschers, Rik. University of Twente, NL. This is a great article detailing the Anonymous Chanology & Operation Payback attacks, those recent attacks against PayPal, MasterCard and more. Check it out here: http://referaat.cs.utwente.nl/TSConIT/download.php?id=1085 (It’s also an excellent article for learning more about the type of attacks used and how such things as SYN packet flooding work. If the article ever goes off-line I’ll re-upload it.)
Another great source detailing spoofed DDoS attacks: http://www.skullbox.net/spoofeddos.php
ARP Poisoning/Spoofing in detail can be further explored here: http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/arpspoof
Network Research Group (NRG)’s ARP Watch can be found here: http://www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/